BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU5 JADUAL CLEAN

MINGGU 5 – TERJEMAHAN JADUAL

                                          

 

MUHAMMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN AHMAD MUHAMAD SAHLAN BIN BUTAI

(195131)     (196032)

 

 

 

 

 

Macro structure The global meaning of a text can be observed from the topic / theme of a text

Supstructure The framework of a text such as the introduction, content, finishing and conclusion

Micro structure Local meaning of an observable text From the choice of words, sentences and styles used by a text

 

Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis   Grammar • Themes   Lexical • Metaphors   Cohesion ·         Repitition ·         Conjuction	Practical Discourse Analysis Conference Intellectuality • Pre-supposition • Metawacana • Disclaimer   Interview • Narrative • Language • Expository ·      Extent (Expressive Social Practical Analysis)	Social Practise Analysis   Economy Education Political

 

Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

POLITENESS	STRATEGY
Bald on-record   Example: Ready! Listen here…. Give me that big basket. The light is green. Please come in. Please eat.	Positive politeness   Example: You look sad. What can I help? Can I borrow one hundred dollars? I'll take you to the hospital, if you don't mind
Negative politeness   Maybe he took the box, maybe! Please give me the white plate. If so, a little instruction is not needed? Throwing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Off-record   Wow, it's getting cold in this room. The price of shoes here is really expensive. Your clothes are beautiful

 

Figure 3: Politeness Strategies by Brown Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-IF 1. Intuition 2. Context • Acceptance / disclaimer • Needs • Referral • Anaphora • Repetition • Fuzziness • Emotion affirmation ·   Strictness	EMOTION 1.      Positive 2.      Negative 3.      Mixed Emotion ·         Behaviour ·         Personality ·         Mood ·         Motivation	VALUE AND CULTURE 1.      Self 2.      Society 3.      Custom • Honest, sincere, kind, compassionate, diligent, grateful, simplicity • Self-reliance, high weakness, courage, physical and mental cleanliness, politeness • Respect, cooperation, community spirit • Justice, freedom, Rational	LANGUAGE 1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language error 4. Linguistics	INFERENCE 1.     Overall 2.     Formulation of the topic of conversation 3.     Face cover

 

Figure 4: Normaliza Abd Rahim's Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)

 

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Kandungan 1.      Themes	Context 1.      Grammar 2.      Background 3.      Emotion	If 1.  Opinion 2.   Reference 3.   Question

 

Picture 5: Discourse Analysis Theory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in the Model of Storytelling Social Values ​​Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Family	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Mother and father house	Happy, longing
Self	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Indoors and outdoors, school	Happy
The Special Me	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Mother and father house
I Know	The use of simple and appropriate words and sentences for all including special children	Indoors or outdoors	Unhappy, sad, sympathetic
I Understand	The use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Home, school or in public	Happy, sympathetic, caring

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Sample / Material	Type
Grandmother and Grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
The Special Me	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
Heart	Short story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Storytelling
Neighbors	Short story	Neighbors	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Storytelling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4: Context in Social Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Grandmother and Grandfather	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	The village of Grandmother and grandfather	Happy, longing, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
The Special Me	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Parents' house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Parents' house	Happy, restless
Heart	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Use of words and sentences that are simple and suitable for all including special children	Parents house and neighbour	Happy, sympathetic, caring, sad

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values ​​in Social Stories

Social Story Title	Social Value
Grandmother and grandfather	Loving, caring, rational, responsible, sincere, honest, kind, family, patient
The Special Me	Kind, sincere, helpful, caring, responsible
My family	Kind, patient, helpful, sincere, caring, diligent, diligent, responsibility, rational
Heart	Kind hearted, loving saying, caring, sincere, honest, sharing, grateful, respectful, diligent
Neighbour	Kind, responsible, loving, rational, caring, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1997

Avoidance or Reduction Strategies

1.                Ignoring / Leaving messages 2.                Topic avoidance

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Achievements or Compensation Strategies

3. Paraphrase 4. Approaches 5. Use of all purpose words 6. Create new words 7. Restructuring / Use of non-linguistic means 8. Literal translation 9. Internationalization 10. Code exchange 11. Ask for help, explanation, confirmation or guess making / Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Additional Time Strategy

12. Use of fillers / hesitation devices

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

Table 6: Communication Strategies

Strategi Komunikasi	Frequency
1. Abbreviation 2. New words have no meaning 3. Disclaimer / Conflict 4. Questions 5. Repetition 6. References 7. Self-correction 8. Different topics / message neglect 9. Interval 10. Postponement 11. Literal Translation 12. Language exchange 13. Imagination 14. Politeness 15. Paraphrase 16. Ask for help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4